Social activity and dementia risk – the evidence
A history of being more socially active is associated with a reduced risk of dementia. Participating in more social activities, having larger networks of friends and feeling less lonely have all been associated with a lower risk of developing dementia.
The association between social engagement and dementia risk has been shown by several studies, for example:
- Participation in high numbers of different leisure activities was associated with a 38% lower risk of developing dementia in 1,772 people over age 65 [1]. Activities included going to clubs, visiting friends or being visited, playing cards and community or volunteer work.
- Larger social networks were associated with a 36% lower risk of dementia in 2,249 elderly women [2].
- Loneliness (perceived isolation) was associated with more than double the risk of developing dementia in 823 older persons [3]. Loneliness was also associated with worse cognition at baseline and more rapid cognitive decline during follow-up.
Research also suggests that social activities that also involve mental stimulation and/or physical activity can provide even greater benefit.
A study in Stockholm investigated mental, physical and social components of the leisure activities of people aged 75 years and older [4]. It found that all 3 components were associated with a reduced risk of dementia after 6 years follow up. Combining components offered the greatest benefit, with those whose activities included higher levels of 2 or all 3 components having a 47% reduced risk of dementia.
How does social activity reduce dementia risk?
Social activity may contribute to brain reserve. Interacting with other people involves many cognitive functions. As with other mentally stimulating activity, this is believed to help build up a reserve of healthy neurons and synapses that may protect against dementia.
References
- Scarmeas N, et al. Influence of leisure activity on the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology, 2001, 57:2236-2242.
- Crooks VC, et al. Social network, cognitive function, and dementia incidence among elderly women. American Journal of Public Health, 2008, 98:1221-1227.
- Wilson RS, et al. Loneliness and risk of Alzheimer disease. Archives of General Psychiatry, 2007, 64:234-240.
- Karp A, et al. Mental, physical and social components in leisure activities equally contribute to decrease dementia risk. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 2006, 21:65-73.
